Stable orally active heparinoid complexes



United States Patent l 3,506,642

Patented Apr. 14, 1970 3 506 642 inversely proportional to the cationic content of the salt. However, the stability of these acid salts also decreases STABLE g ig g HEPARINOID with decreasing cationic content so that the formulation Teow Y. Koh and Kekhusroo R. Bharucha, Toronto, Onis necessarily a compromise between Stability and tario, Canada, assignors to Canada Packers Limited, 5 heparlnlc lvlty. Toronto, Ontario, Canada N0 Drawing. Filed July 3, 1967, Ser. No. 650,621 SUMMARY OF THE 1NVEN T ION Illf- 1- C081) 19/08 We have now discovered that hepanmc acid forms 260-209 19 Clalms salts or complexes (hereinafter collectively designated as heparinoid complexes) with a number of weakly basic or amphoteric organic compounds to provide products ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE which are not only quite stable but which when orally This invention relates to new stable, orally active administered result in systemic anticoagulant effect of heparinoid complexes, prepared by reacting heparinic high order. acid or other acid heparinoids with non-toxic organic The expression oral administration, as used herein, compounds having weakly basic or amphoteric properties means administration by mouth and includes introducand characterized by a base strength pK in the range tion of therapeutic compositions containing the new of from about 7.0 to 12.5 or by an isoelectric point pI heparinoid complexes into the sublingual or buccal below about 9.7, to methods for preparing and using regions for absorption therefrom as well as the adthese new heparinoid complexes, and to therapeutic eomministration in the form of enteric-coated compositions positions containing them. Particularly suitable hepafor release of the heparinoid substance in the intestine rinoid complexes are those prepared from heparinic acid for absorption through the intestinal walls. and amino acids having an isoelectric point pI below We have further discovered that there is a correlation about 9.7. The new complexes have utility as oral blood between the basicity of the basic or amphoteric reactant anticoagulant and/or lipemic agents. and the stability-oral activity of the resulting heparinoid complex. Reactants which are too strongly basic, such as the alkali metal bases and the aliphatic amines provide BACKGROUND heparinoid complexes which are stable but not orally active. Reactants which are too weakly basic such as urea Natural heparin, heparin derivatives and synthetically sulfated polysaccharides, all of which will be referred pynmldme and acetamlde provlde heparmold complexes hich are very active but unstable under normal storage to hereinafter as he armoids, have heretofore been rew pared and used primarily in the neutral sodium alt Conditions and qulckly lose i aflctwlty' form. This is the form of heparin which is presently em- We prefer to express reqmslte baslclty m terms of ployed in anticoagulant therapy. However, therapeutic g fi: g g g g .g g g gi z g 2: use of these materials is limited by the need to administer amp p h a 1 thern parenterally, since they are inactive or only slightly pres ent mventlim epanmc am a l re g epannol 8 active per se by the oral route. In view of the long esf free i groups l Stablhzed Wlihout substantablished reputation of heparinoids as safe and effective m1 loss of Oral effectweness by for-Hung complexes f the acids with certain non-toxic organic compounds blood anticoagulants and/or ant1l1pem1c agents, a great 40 O deal of research has been devoted toward the develop- Fharactenzed by a base Strenglh h range of rom about 7.0 to 12.5 or by an isoelectric pomt pI below ment of ad uvants, derivatives and other expedients in an about 9 7 effort to render the known heparinoids absorbable through the intestinal walls so that they can be orally administered. However, this research has had limited It will be understood that heparin is a very complex success to datemolecule, with a structure which has not been com- In the copending United States application Ser. No. pletely elucidated. It is tentatively identified as a sul- 561,346 of TeOW Yan filed J 1966, t Was fated copolymer consisting of alternating 1-4a linked DETAILED DESCRIPTION disclosed that heparinic acid per so readily passes through glucosamine and glucuronic acid residues. In accordance the intestinal walls to provide an extremely high antiwith the invention, the acid form of heparin or related coagulant activity. The free acid form of heparin would, heparinoid is combined with one of a series of weak bases therefore, be an excellent anticoagulant, but unfortuor amphoteric substances, which in themselves are not nately its stability is poor. Heparinic acid begins to desimple. Therefore, the specific structure of the resulting compose almost immediately and is difficult to isolate product cannot be stated with certainty and for this reaor handle. It was found by Koh that by partially satisson the word complex is used to embrace salts as well fying the free acid groups of heparinic acid by reaction as more complex structures which may be formed. with a base, e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide or strong For purposes of simplification, a schematic representaorganic bases, such as choline, to provide an acid salt, tion of the repeating tetrasaccharide heparin unit (sodium the stability was improved and some of the heparinic salt) is shown below:

CHLOSOQNQ COONa CH2OSO Na COONa l a L l H an H an H 1 L0 NHSO Na (Lsoma NHsO Na I GK activity on oral administration could be retained. The Treatment of sodium heparinate with an acidic ion exacid salts of heparinic acid, such as the sodium, potassium change resin removes the sodium and gives heparinic acid. and choline acid salts, are absorbable from the mam- The conversion to heparinic acid confers oral activity on malian intestine to a useful extent, though less readily the molecule but at the same time makes it unstable. We

than heparinic acid, with the amount of absorption being believe that this instability probably arises by autocatalytic destruction of the acid labile O- and/or N-sulfate and glycosidic linkages. However, whatever the cause of such instability, we have found that stabilization can be achieved without destruction of the oral activity by reaction of the acid heparin with selected weakly basic or amphoteric substances. It is found that heparinic acid, being a strong acid, forms stable complexes even with the relatively weakly basic substances. Salt or complex formation is believed to be involved with at least the sulfonic acid group of heparinic acid. In pertinent cases, as with amino-amides (e.g. nicotinamide), stability may be further increased by hydrogen bond formation through the amide linkages.

In aqueous solution all such compounds may dissociate, releasing heparinic acid. On the other hand, salts of heparinic acid with strong bases, and in particular the neutral salts of the strong bases, apparently do not release heparinic acid in aqueous solution in a form in which it can be absorbed through the mucous membranes of the mammalian body. We believe that the absorption of heparinic acid from the mouth or intestine, in the present instance, takes place by the process of passive diffusion of that fraction of heparinic acid, which, after release from the heparinoid complex, remains in the unionized form.

It is to be understood, however, that this invention is not to be limited to any particular theory of operation.

The complexing agents suitable for the purposes of the present invention, and which yield complexes with heparinic acid and other acid heparinoids, resulting in good stability coupled with high oral activity, are those organic bases which have a base strength pK in the range of from about 7.0 to 12.5, preferably about 9.0 to 12.5, and those organic amphoteric compounds which have an isoelectric point pI below about 9.7. Amphoteric substances over the range of from about 2.7 to 9.7 have been successfully tested and the criticality of the lower limit has not been determined. Specific examples include most of the amino acids which occur in nature or which have been isolated from proteins, e.g. alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, cystine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, hydroxyproline, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophane, glycylglycine, glycylvaline, aspartyltyrosine, tyrosine and valine, derivatives and metabolic products of natural amino acids, including diiodotyrosine, -aminobutyric acid, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, 'y-aminolaevulinic acid, imidazolelactic acid, creatine, phosphocreatine, 'y-butyrobetaine and glycinebetaine; and synthetic amino acids, such as anthranilic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, aminoacetoacetic acid, 4-aminobutyl phosphoric acid and aminoethylphosphoric acid. The aforementioned amino acids may be in the D-, L- or DL- form. The amino acids isolated from proteins are defined herein as those listed in Organic Chemistry by Fieser and Fieser (2nd ed. 1950), pages 431 and 432. Those which fall within the K, or pI ranges above are suitable for purposes of the invention. Other compounds within the K, range given above, and which may be classified as organic bases are:

Compound: P b imidazole 7.05

Pyridine 8.75 3-amino-cinnoline 10.3

2-aminothiazole 8.6

1,3-diamino-1,3-bishydoxyiminopropane 9.3 1-diprop-2-ynylamino-prop-2-yne 10.9 2-trimethylsilylmethylaminopropane 10.8 Purine 11.7

4-ureidosulphonylaniline 12.2 2-ethoxycarbonylaniline 11.8 3-amino-biphenyl 9.7 Z-amino-4,6-dimethylpteridine 11.3 2-amino-6,7-dimethylpteridine 10.6 Z-aminoquinoxaline 10.1 2,3-diaminoquinoxaline 9.3

4 Compound: pK Z-aminoquinazoline 9.3 1,4-dihydro-1-methyl-4-oxo-quinazoline 10.9 1,2,4-triazole 11.7 2-aminopyrimidine 10.6 5-amino-4-methylpyrimidine 10.9 l-phenylpyrrolidine 9.7 Methylindanylamino-indan 9.4 O-aminohydroxymethane 9.4 Semicarbazide 10.4 N-methyl-l,4-benzoquinone-imine 10.1 1,4-benzoquinoneimine 10.1 N-benzyl-1,4-benzoquinoneimine 11.2 ThioflavineT 11.3 N-methylcytidin 10.1 Biliverdine 9.0 2,4,2,4',2"-pentamethoxytriphenylcarbinol 12.2 RhodamineB 10.8

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to these specific examples and that those skilled in the art will be able to select many related complexing agents having a base strength or isoelectric point Within the ranges given.

Compounds such as urea, pyrimidine and acetamide are weak bases with a pK value above the limit of 12.5. These weak bases readily form complexes with heparinic acid which provide significant increases in blood clotting time by absorption through the mucous membranes. However, the stability of these complexes is quite low, decomposition and loss of heparinic activity at room temperature beginning within 20 days. Dimethylamine and choline, on the other hand, are stronger bases with a pK value below the limit of 7.0. While these compounds form stable complexes with heparinic acid, the resulting complexes do not provide a significant rise in the level of blood clotting time. Likewise, lysine which is an amino acid outside the range of isoelectric points of the preferred complexing agents will not provide a complex showing a significant rise in the level of blood clotting time.

While we have referred to heparinic acid in the above description, it will be understood that the same principles apply to heparinic acid derivatives and related heparinic compounds (heparinoids) which have acid groups and which as salts with strong bases are orally inactive. Thus, OH and/or carboxyl substituted heparinic acid derivatives when stabilized by the present invention also provide orally active heparin preparations. Acid salts of heparin which, although possessing useful oral heparinic activity, are of undesirably low stability and can be made more stable by the process of the present invention. Here a portion of the free acid groups are satisfied by a cation of a strong base with the other acid groups being satisfied by salt formation or complexing with the complexing agents of this invention. Related heparinoids such as sodium dextran sulfate which are normally ineffective orally can be treated to provide free acid groups and, like heparinic acid, can be stabilized by reaction with the selected organic complexing agents. While anticoagulant activity has been referred to above, heparinoid compounds which possess selective or additional antilipemic activity can also be made orally active by the present invention.

The preparation of the heparinoid complexes in accordance with the invention is quite simple. Thus, the sodium or other cation is removed from sodium heparinate or other available heparinoid salt, with an ion exchange resin and the efiiuent is collected and is reacted with the complex forming agent. Enough of the latter is used to neutralize or react with all of the sulfate groups and a slight excess, for example 10%, may be used to insure complete reaction. The product is then isolated in the form of a white powder by lyophilization or precipitated from aqueous solution with a water-miscible organic solvent. It can be converted to pill, lozenge or tablet form. Organic solvent precipitation, e.g. by addition of an alcohol or ketone solvent, has the advantage of producing an amorphous solid with free-flowing characteristics which is more easily converted to tablet form than the fluffy powder obtained by lyophilization. If desired, the heparinic acid, after passing through the ion exchange resin in hydrogen form, can be collected into another vessel containing resin in hydroxyl form to selectively mop up any traces of inorganic acid which may have formed by the hydrolysis of the heparinic acid. This, however, is merely a precautionary measure and does not constitute an essential part of the invention.

Suitable ion exchange resins are commercially available. Difierent types of ion exchange resins and different techniques may be employed. For example, strongly acidic cationic exchange resins, such as the nuclear sulfonated ion exchange resins described in U.S. Patent No. 2,366,007, one of which is sold by the Dow Chemical Company under the trade name of Dowex 50W, may be used in the hydrogen form in excess of the theoretical amount for direct production of heparinic acid from sodium heparinate solution. Sodium or other acid heparinates may be prepared by the process of the aforesaid Koh application Ser. No. 561,347.

The new heparinoid complexes are in solid form so that they can be readily formulated into powders, pills, lozenges, tablets or capsules. Where the absorption is to take place in the intestine, the compositions are given an enteric coating to avoid release of the heparinoids in the stomach and destruction by the stomach acids. The new heparinoid complexes in the aqueous medium of the mouth or intestine, provide the active component in a form which can be absorbed through the mucous membranes of these regions.

Dosage units for intestinal absorption are provided with an enteric coating of any conventional formulation (eg the procedure of Remingtons Practice of Pharmacy or of U.S. Patent No. 3,126,320). Preparation of buccal or sublingual tablets is also conventional procedure. The heparinoid complexes may be administered in relatively pure form, but it is to be understood that they may be combined with inert diluents such as starch, sugar, various stearates and carbonates, kaolin, etc.

The particular dosage, or range for the dosage, which will be employed in treating a patient with a heparinoid complex in accordance with the present invention will vary in accordance with a number of factors but can be readily determined by those skilled in the art with respect to a selected complex and patients need. Thus, the absorbable anticoagulant activity per mg. will vary with the selected complexing agent, but the heparinic activity of each is easily determinable by simple assay. Tablets or powders administered buccally or sublingually in sufficient dosage to provide approximately to 10,000 anticoagulant units per kilogram of body weight are contemplated. In the dog, sublingual administration at a level of 3,000 units/kg. provided a significant prolongation of blood clotting time. Dosage in the same general range, provided with an enteric coating and swallowed will, by absorption in the intestinal tract, likewise significantly increase blood clotting time.

What is required of an effective therapeutic dosage is that it at least doubles the normal blood coagulation time of the patient, and with this basic requirement known, a suitable dosage can readily be determined for each individual heparinoid complex. Because oral administration does not have the disadvantages attendant upon parenteral administration, administration can be more frequent to effect a more closely controlled and sustained level of anticoagulant activity in the blood. In general, it is contemplated that the tablets or capsules will contain sufiicient of the heparinoid complex to provide a heparin activity of from about 500 to 50,000 U.S.P. anticoagulant units, and that these would be administered in sufficient quantity to provide a dosage of 100 to 10,000 anticoagulant units per kilogram of body weight with repeat dosages several times daily as may be required.

The following is an illustrative general method for preparing heparinoid complexes from a commercial sodium heparinate. The assays for anticoagulant activity in all instances referred to below were carried out by the method described in U.S. Pharmacopeia XVII.

Examples 120.Preparation of heparinic acid complexes Sodium heparinate (6.25 g.) containing ca 12% sodium was percolated through a 2 x 30 cm. column containing 40 ml. of Dowex 50WX8 re'sin (H form). The efiluent was collected in a beaker containing 10 ml. of Dowex 1-X1 resin (011* form), and the suspension was stirred for 10 minutes at room temperature. The resin was filtered oit and the aqueous phase was added to a weighed amount of a selected complexing agent. On lyophilization, white powders were obtained, which were assayed for anticoagulant activity at spaced intervals of time.

By the procedure given above, heparinoid complexes were prepared as set forth in the following table.

TABLE I In vitro, anticoagu ant activity, units/mg. Ratio by ht of Complex heparinic b d acid to Starting on complexing sodium heparin Complexing agent agent heparinate content 1. 00 114 102 2. 06 164 182 4. 17 165 160 1. 67 164 180 1.75 147 1. 58 165 162 2. 57 164 165 3. 18 164 162 140 130 DL-Aspartic ac 1. 63 164 165 L-glutamie acid 1. 57 164 179 12 Anthranillc acid 1. 54 166 13 p-Aminobenzoic acid. 1. 49 150 162 14. DL-Asparagine 1. 65 164 15 L-glutamine 1. 49 164 181 16 L-valine. 1. 81 164 177 17. Glycine 3. 07 164 179 18 fi-Alanine 2. 66 164 179 19 L-histidine 1. 61 164 141 1. 31 164 17 7 Examples 2123.Preparation of sodium acid heparinate' complexes An aqueous solution of neutral sodium heparinate (164 U.S.P. anticoagulant u./mg.) was mixed with an excess of strongly acidic cation exchange resin (Dowex 50W-X8) in the acid form and contact was maintained for about 15 minutes. After separation of the aqueous heparinic acid phase from the resin beads by filtration, it was divided into portions to which different quantities of NaOH solution were added to partially neutralize the heparinic acid. To the resulting sodium acid heparinate solutions were added one of the complexing agents of the present invention. The following sodium acid heparinate complexes were prepared in this manner:

and the jejunum identified. Each heparinoid complex, adjusted to contain 39,000 u., was dissolved in 2 ml. H 0, and injected directly into the jejunum or instilled into an isolated, ligated loop of approximately 6 inches in length.

Blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture at time intervals after administration and the clotting time determined by the capillary method of Mayer (Mayer, G. A., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 49,938 (1957) Table III shows the translocation of heparin into the blood when the complexes of Examples 120 were administered to the rabbit jejunum. The appearance of heparin in the blood was indicated by the prolongation of the whole-blood clotting time from a normal clotting time of 8'45.

TABLE 11 In vitro, anticoagulant Ratio by activity units/mg. weight of Sodium sodium acid content Complex heparinate based on Starting based on to complexheparin, sodium heparin Complexiug agent 111g agent percent heparinate content Example No.:

21 Nicotinamide 2.13 2.4 164 130 22.. Urea 1. 03 2.4 164 100 23 Anthranilic aeid 3.13 0.16 164 160 Example 24.Glycine complex of dextran sulfuric acid TABLE In An amount of 3.0 g. sodium dextran sulfate (MW. 35 Blood clotting 16,200, heparin-like activity, 17 U.S.P. anticoagulant u./ stability g f i glg u I Y mg.) was dissolved 1n ml. H O. The solution was per- Complexmg agent pK 101 days tration colated through a 2 x cm. column containing 30 ml. (1) mean I H2 1 of Dowex 50W-X8 resin, H+ form. The effiuent was im- (3) Pyrinndm 1-17 1,200' mediately added to an aqueous solution containing 1.5 g. E 11:70 53 5 glycine, and then lyophilized. Upon lyophilization, a pow- (5) gicotinamidenn 10. e5 183 300: der (glycine complex of dextran sulfuric acid) was obg: :1: 1 g i gi, tained, yield 4.13 g., anticoagulant assay 14 U.S.P. u./mg. (8) Imidazole. 7.05 00 12'20" 1 1 (0))06191110.-. 5.06 040 5.-Ac r ci itation 0 c'n com ex m a 2. 77 145 360 Example 2 etonehp e of y 1 e p 11) L-glutamic acid. a. 22 132 480 of epanmc acid nn tm-am ic aeid .h 52 66 120' pmino enozic aei .65 66 600 An aqueous solution of 2.0 g. sodium heparlnate (150 14 DL-asparagine 5.41 130 1,200' U.S.P. anticoagulant u./mg.) was percolated through a 53333 Q82 1 22; 2 x 30 cm. column containing 20 ml. Dowex W-X8 17) Glycine; 5197 84 1,140' (18) fl-Alanine 7. 32 81 1,e40' resin, H form. The effluent was immediately added to an 50 (19) Lhistidinm 7' 5g 107 17,33 aqueous solution contalmng 0.6 g. glyclne. The total vol- (20) L-lysine 0.74 0'25" UIIIC measured 145 ml. The solution was concentrated in 11nd c efinitely. vacuo at a bath temperature of up to 48 C. to 1520% Approximately. of its original volume. Four times its volume of acetone was added which caused an immediate cloudy precipitate r FY9111 the fofegfflng Table III f f: 86611 t t to form. The precipitate was collected by centrifugation, organic bases Dunne and nlcotlnamlde Whlch yield 1.87 g.; assaying at 118 U.S.P. anticoagulant u./mg., based on total solids.

Example 26.Methanol precipitation of glycine complex of heparinic acid INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF HEPARINIC ACID COMPLEXES (RABBIT) Ether-anesthetized rabbits, after overnight fasting, weighing 23 kg. were used. The abdomen was entered had a pK within the range of 9.0 to 12.5 exhibit a stability greater than days coupled with a blood clotting time 1 hour after administration far in excess of the therapeutic level. The stability limits for those complexes was not reached in the duration of the test period. Urea and pyrimidine which are weak bases having a pK above 12.5 give complexes which, while exhibiting a high oral anticlotting activity, were substantially decomposed within 17 days. Acetamide, also outside of the pK range, likewise gives a complex having an undesirably low stability. At the other end of the scale, the complex with chlorine, which is a strong base, had relatively little oral anti-clotting activity although satisfactory stability. Pyridine, near the lower end of the preferred range of pK value, formed a complex which barely gave rise to therapeutic level of anti-clotting activity. In the amino acid group, all of the complexes demonstrated satisfactory heparinic stability in excess of 25 days, but L-lysine, having a pI value outside of the preferred range, exhibited very little oral anti-clotting activity in comparison with the preferred complexes.

9 Additionally, While not shown in Table III, the anticlotting activity with heparinic complexes of L-glutamic acid, anthranilic acid and glycine were quite prolonged, the complex of heparinic acid with L-glutamic acid showing a blood clotting time of greater than 540 minutes 10 ministration of dosage levels to the dog as shown exceeds four hours. The animals were anesthetized during the test and would be expected to show more uniform response without anesthesia.

INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF HEPARINIC ACID 4 hours after administration, that of anthranilic acid showing a blood clotting time of greater than 420 min- COMPLEXES (PIG) utes 2 hours after administration and that of glycine f0nOWmgTat.)1e VI demonstrates h fmtlctlaglllant showing a blood clotting time of greater than 420 minutes actlvlty 9 the i i f hepanmc acld an 6 hours after administration. The glycine complex made 84 Kg. pig after intra e unal in ection to the anesthetlzed by the method of Example 25 when injected intrajejunally ammal:

to a rabbit was absorbed to provide a blood clotting time Table VI greater than 600 one hour after injection and b the Dose, unlts P gy W g t 600 sixth hour the clotting time was still above the therapeutic Blood clotting time hours after injection! level. 0 3'47" INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF SODIUM ACID ,1 (aPPmX') 5 5,

HEPARIN COMPLEXES (RABBIT) 3 The activity of sodium acid heparin complexes upon 4 administration of 39,000 units to the rabbit jejunum is 5 1820" demonstrated in the following Table IV. 6 1028" TABLE IV Ratio by weight of Sodium sodium acid content heparinate based on Clotting time, to complexheparin, Stability, lhour after Complexing agent ing agent percent days administration Nicotinamide 2. l3 2. 4 126 716 Urea 1. 03 2. 4 20 Anthranilic acid 1. 54 0. 16 66 1 120' 1 Approximate.

It will be seen from the foregoing table that the com- This experiment was performed with a sample of glybination of sodium as part of the cation of the heparinic cine complex of heparinic acid which contained less than acid salt in combination with the complexing with the 0.05% sodium, and the blood samples were withdrawn remaining free acid component with a weak base such by cardiac punctures. At a dose of 600 units per kg. as urea results in a more stable composition than the body weight, absorption was sufficient to provide a procomplex of heparinic acid and urea alone. However, the longed blood clotting time of approximately 175, an hour increased stability is at the expense of anticoagulant acafter injection. The blood clotting time then gradually tivity. All of the complexes of the acid salts shown here declined but significantly raised clotting time could still had satisfactory stability coupled with a therapeutic level be detected at the sixth hour after injection. A therapeuof anti-clotting activity. Sodium acid heparinate (2.4% tically effective level of heparin in the blood was main- Na) complexes with nicotinamide and urea were absorbed tained for approximately 5 /2 hours. Similar experiments to produce an increase of 8 and 3 fold the normal clotting on the pig also resulted in a significant increase in blood time respectively an hour after administration. clotting time.

g g g ggfggg ggggg gggg i OF ADMINISTRATION OF HEPARINIC ACID COMPLEXES BY MOUTH A quantity of the glycine complex of dextran sulfuric acid, prepared by the method of Example 24, equivalent (1) Intestinal absorption to 20,000 anticoagulant units was dissolved in 4.0 ml. of H 0. It was then instilled into a rabbit ligated intestinal Enterlc-coated tablets colltalnlng glyclne Complex of loop in sit as described above and the Systemic iheparinic acid were manufactured. Each tablet contained coagulant activity measured as before. The blood clotting apProxlmately 140 gof g y Complex of heparinic time was elevated to 13'00", from a normal of 8'45, an acld anticoagulant Avicel hour after administration. By the second hour it had t) and 90 g- Stereo-3X lubrlcant) and was exceeded 300. The sodium salt of dextran sulfuric acid Coatfid Wlth Cellulose acetate phthalateper se is not absorbed from the intestine. TWO tablets were fed to a ffimak mongrel f Weigh" INTESTINAL ABSORPTION OF HEPARINIC ACID 3 Samples F 'wlthdrawn feed COMPLEXES (DOG) mg the tablets and at time intervals after feedlng. The clotting time was determined by the capillary method of The followlng Table V shows the systemic antrcoagula- Mayen tion in the dog after intrajejuna} injection of L850 p i Following a lag period of 4 hours, the blood clotting per kg. body weight of the glycine complex of heparinic time was raised from a normal Value of to acld' A peak activity of 16'30" was attained after 5 /2 hours,

TABLE V after which the blood clotting time gradually declined. Blood clotting time, hrs. after injection Prolonged blood clotting time was detected for at least 133g weig igi o 1 2 3 4 5 3 hours.

(2) Sublmgual absorption 13.7 3'19" 3835 17'12" 15'00" 1331" 10- 5 8: 51; 1 5 1390; An amount of 280 mg. glycine complex of heparinic acid 935 660 (120 U.S.P. anticoagulant u./mg.) in the powder form 1 Approximate Was placed under the tongue of a pentobarbital-narcotised Blood samples were withdrawn by venous punctures. female dog weighing 116 kg Blood samples were With In all Of the an s the blood Clotting time Was P drawn by venous puncture at time intervals after adminlonged significantly an hour after injection. The prolongaistration and the clotting time determined by the capiltion of therapeutic levels of anticoagulant activity by adlary method of Mayer.

The blood clotting time was raised from a normal value of 1030 to 1845" at the second hour after administration. By the fourth hour, the blood time had returned to the normal value.

It is well known that sodium heparinate per se is not absorbed from the buccal cavity.

The disclosure herein should not be taken as a recommendation to use the disclosed invention in any way Without full compliance with the United States Food and Drug Laws and other laws and governmental regulations which may be applicable.

We claim:

1. A water soluble heparinoid complex having anticoagulant and/or anti-lipemic activity on oral administration, selected from the group consisting of (a) a complex of a heparinoid having free acid groups with a non-toxic amino-acid having a pI value below about 9.7, and

(b) a complex of a heparinoid having free acid groups with a non-toxic organic base having a pK- value in the range of from 9.0 to 12.5.

2. A heparinoid complex as defined in claim 1 wherein the heparinoid having free acid groups and forming the complex with the amino acid or base is heparinic acid.

3. A heparinoid complex as defined in claim 1 wherein the heparinoid having free acid groups and forming the complex with the amino acid or base is dextran sulfuric acid.

4. A heparinoid complex as defined in claim 1 wherein the heparinoid having free acid groups, and forming the complex with the amino acid or base, is an acid heparinate having a portion of the acid groups of the heparinic acid molecule satisfied by a strongly basic cation.

5. A complex of heparinic acid having a portion of the acid groups of the heparinic acid molecule satisfied by a strongly basic cation and the remainder of the said acid groups complexed with a non-toxic organic base having a pK value above 7.0.

6. A complex of heparinic acid and an amino acid selected from the group consisting of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, anthranilic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, asparagine, glycine, glutamine, valine and {i-alanine.

7. A complex of heparinic acid and nicotinamide.

8. A complex of heparinic acid and purine.

9. A complex of heparinic acid and DL-aspartic acid.

A complex of heparinic acid and L-glutamic acid. A complex of heparinic acid and DL-asparagine. A complex of heparinic acid and glycine.

A complex of heparinic acid and anthranilic acid. A complex of heparinic acid and p-aminobenzoic 14. acid.

15. A complex of dextran sulfuric acid and glycine.

16. A method for providing an orally active heparinoid in water soluble stable form comprising: treating a heparinoid salt to provide free acid groups on the heparinoid molecule and reacting the resulting acid heparinoid with a complexing agent selected from the group consisting of (a) a non-toxic amino acid having a pI value below about 9.7, and (b) a non-toxic organic base having a pK value in the range of from 9.0 to 12.5.

17. The method of claim 16 wherein an aqueous solution of sodium heparinate is subjected to ion exchange with a cation exchange resin in hydrogen form to provide a solution containing heparinic acid and said heparinic acid solution is then reacted with the complexing agent.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the heparinoid complex is recovered in solid form by lyophilization of the aqueous solution resulting from reaction of the complexing agent with the heparinic acid solution.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the heparinoid complex is recovered in solid free flowing form by precipitation with an organic solvent from the aqueous solution resulting from reaction of the complexing agent with the heparinic acid solution.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,786,050 3/1957 Capraro et al. 260-211 2,884,358 4/1959 Bush et al. 260211 2,989,438 6/1961 Nomine et a1. 260-211 3,174,903 3/1965 Fischer et al. 260211 3,232,838 2/1966 Nomine et al. 260211 LEWIS GOTTS, Primary Examiner J. R. BROWN, Assistant Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No- 3.506.642 Dated April 14, 1970 nv t Teow Y. Koh and Kekhusroo R. Bharucha It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 1, line 25 "lipemic" should read "anti-lipemic".

Column 8, line 66 "chlorine" should read choline".

SEALED slaps-m QSEAL) Attest:

Edward M. Fletcher, In

Attesti g 0mm WILLIAH E- swam. .m-

Gomissionor of Patents 

